Abbreviations ADFI: Average daily feed intake ADG: Average daily gain AGP: Antibiotic growth promoters BWG: Body weight growth CAT: Catalase CP: Crude protein DM: Dry matter E.coli : Escherichia coli EE: Ether extracts ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases G:F : Gain to feed ratio GE: Gross energy GIT: Gastrointestinal tract GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase IgA: Immunoglobulin A IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IgG: Immunoglobulin G IgM: Immunoglobulin M IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-10: Interleukin 10 IL-12: Interleukin 12 IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-2: Interleukin 2 IL-6: Interleukin 6 INF-: Interferon-gamma JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 MDA: Malondialdehyde MyHC: Myosin heavy chain NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NO: Nitric acid Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor OM: Organic matter SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids SIgA: Secretory immunoglobulin A SOD: Superoxide dismutase T-AOC: Total antioxidant capacity TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TGF-1: Transforming growth factor- TLR: Toll-like receptors TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor ZO-1 : Zonula occludens-1 References Abdelli N, Sol-Oriol D, Prez JF (2021) Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges
and no statistical analysis was reported (Cavallini et al
Detoxifies and Fights Damage Pollution, sun exposure, and stress can wreak havoc on your skin, causing damage and premature aging
Using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model, investigators found that elevated circulating TMAO had adverse effects on motor capacity, striatal neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammation in both the striatum and hippocampus of the mice [93]
