This observation supports evidence from other studies, such as the work of Histopathologically, while GABA supplementation helped in preserving some aspects of hippocampal structure, significant neurodegeneration and reduced neuron density remained, particularly in the CA4 region, similar to what was observed in the PPA-treated group
The OCTN subclade, comprised of OCTN1 (SLC22A4) and OCTN2, are a distinct subgroup of OCTs that primarily catalyse the uptake of the zwitterionic metabolites ergothioneine 13 and carnitine respectively, but are also capable of transporting cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) 14,15 indicating a potential dual transport function 15,16

Water/Aqua/Eau, Cetearyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Extract, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Glycerin, Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract, Salix Alba Bark Extract, Usnea Barbata (Lichen) Extract, Butylene Glycol , Pentylene Glycol , Hydroxyphenyl , ropamidobenzoic Acid, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Fruit Extract, Fumaria Officinalis Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, Fumaric Acid, Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Panthenol, Acrylates/ C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate, rosspolymer, Cocamidopropyl PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate, Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Cetrimonium Chloride, Aminomethyl Propanol, Glyceryl Caprylate, Disodium EDTA
This is one of the practical differences from BPC-157 where proximity to the affected tissue does influence the local concentration