At the cellular level, PD is related to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), to alterations in catecholamine metabolism, to modifications in mitochondrial electron transporter chain (METC) function or to enhancement of iron deposition in the SNpc
However, cell damage can occur with insufficient amounts or improper functioning of this enzyme (if it becomes overwhelmed, for example, with excess GSSG).* Glutathione plays a role in most bodily processes.* Inadequate amounts can lead to many discomforts and potential health issues, lower glutathione levels may stem from genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, and age.* The following are several examples of glutathione's foundational roles in human health.* Low levels of glutathione have been linked with premature cell death, also called apoptosis, and higher levels are linked with longevity.* [2] When the body has enough glutathione, it can help to maintain energy levels, promote a healthy inflammatory response, support cognitive activity, and normalize metabolic functions.* The more glutathione the body has, the healthier your mitochondria and cells.* Antioxidants are best known for their healthy aging benefits, as they help to protect your body from oxidative stress, or free radical damage.* A certain amount of free radicals is unavoidable and normalthe body naturally produces energy and releases free radicals as byproducts of this process
A nuclear glutathione cycle within the cell cycle
While BPTES produces formidable results in vitro, higher concentrations are needed to achieve the same effect in vivo
