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The damaged epithelial cells of the liver and kidney exhibited total cytokeratin-18 fragmentation during apoptosis by caspases, releasing it into circulation and highlighting the apoptotic cell death pathway, which causes damage to epithelial cells (85)

Nat Commun 15 , 4361 (2024)

doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00782

The key differences that make this fragment scientifically interesting are: Absence of IGF-1 stimulation: Unlike full-length GH, this compound does not appear to stimulate hepatic IGF-1 production in laboratory models, an important distinction for researchers wishing to study metabolic GH-related pathways without the confounding variable of IGF-1 pathway activation