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Variable quality of commercial products: BPC-157 offered on the market presents highly heterogeneous quality, ranging from highly purified batches with rigorous analytical CoA to doubtful products without traceability

Causes / Associations Osteoarthritis of the knee Rheumatoid arthritis Meniscal tears Trauma or inflammatory arthritis Clinical Features Swelling behind the knee (popliteal fossa) Soft, fluctuant, sometimes tense May cause posterior knee pain or stiffness Usually asymptomatic if small Large cyst compress nearby structures calf swelling, venous obstruction Red flag: Sudden increase in size + pain may indicate rupture, mimicking deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Diagnosis Clinical: palpable cyst in popliteal fossa, fluctuant mass Ultrasound: confirms cyst, differentiates from solid masses or DVT MRI: evaluates underlying knee pathology and cyst extent Management Conservative: Treat underlying knee pathology NSAIDs for pain Rest, physiotherapy Aspiration / Corticosteroid injection: if symptomatic Surgery: rarely indicated (persistent, large, or complicated Bakers cyst is a posterior knee swelling due to synovial fluid accumulation, commonly secondary to arthritis or meniscal injury, and may mimic DVT if ruptured