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Lipofuscin: mechanisms of age-related accumulation and influence on cell function

Such disruptions can begin early, for example, when neonates in intensive care units are exposed to inappropriate light cycles, continue through infancy and adolescence with irregular exposure to screens and erratic eating patterns, persist into adulthood where jetlag and shift work are common, and extend into older age with increased sedentarism and psychosocial isolation

6 Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence: Zhihan Zhu, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples Republic of China, Email [email protected] Lanjie Lei, Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China, Email [email protected] Abstract: Lactate, once considered merely a metabolic byproduct, is now recognized as a cornerstone of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, serving as both a vital energy substrate and signaling molecule