In terms of model optimization, biomimetic periodontal flow models or ex vivo periodontal tissue perfusion systems can be established to screen and optimize delivery carriers under conditions that more closely resemble the real clinical environment, thereby narrowing the gap between laboratory research and clinical translation

This can occur in disorders of the carnitine cycle (carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase [CACT] or carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 [CPT-2] deficiency) and fatty acid oxidation (MCAD, VLCAD, LCHAD, TFP deficiency), organic acidemias (propionic, methylmalonic, isovaleric, and glutaric acidemia, 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria, multiple carboxylase deficiency, and other more rare), renal disease (renal Fanconi syndrome, chronic renal failure, dialysis), lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), chronic ketosis or ketogenic diet, extreme prematurity, prolonged use of intravenous nutrition not supplemented by carnitine, and drug therapy (valproic acid, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, drugs containing pivalic acid)
During the past few decades, liver disease has emerged as one of the primary global causes of disease and mortality, causing over 2 million deaths each year (Rahimifard et al., 2020)
Enhancement of EPR Effect for Passive Tumor Targeting: Current Status and Future Perspectives