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Mitral valve is often thickened and redundant due to extra length in persons with mitral valve prolapse

TABLE 4 Papers that test interventions to the spinal cord that cause or treat CIPN symptoms

Conclusion This manuscript outlines several of the connections between mitochondrial dysfunction, enteric microbiome abnormalities, and GI abnormalities in relation to ASD

Key Points The inflammatory reflex is a physiological mechanism through which the vagus nerve regulates immune function and inhibits excessive proinflammatory cytokine production Vagus nerve signalling has an important role in the regulation of feeding behaviour and metabolic homeostasis Disruption of metabolic and immune regulation in obesity results in inflammation, which mediates insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as other debilitating and life-threatening conditions Activation of cholinergic signalling in the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex alleviates obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic derangements The inflammatory reflex can potentially be exploited for treatment of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-driven disorders This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF