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It regulates the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, affects cell polarity, and increases cell adhesion to the ECM

Neuroplastic changes induced by physical exercise have been thought to mainly involve the striatum and prefrontal cortex, as well as modulation in the release of DA, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors (such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor), increased corticomotor excitability, improved connectivity in sensorimotor networks, and changes in DA receptor activity ( Hence, both exercise, especially moderate anaerobic physical exercise, and a healthy diet rich in plant-derived nutrients, can positively affect PD incidence and progression, by stimulating neurotrophic factors, altering the diversity of the gut microbiome, improving barrier permeability, and increasing the levels of SCFAs- producing bacteria (Raber and Sharpton, 2023)

Evaluation of the effects of L-carnitine on serum calcium, phosphorous concentrations No significant changes were seen in the calcium and phosphorous concentration in all treated groups compared to both control and MSG groups (Fig

10.1111/jop.12924 53 PiyushP.MahajanA.SinghK.GhoshS.GuptaS