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Animals were treated with DOX (8 mg/kg) once per week for 4 weeks, with ultrasound imaging every week to assess parameters of ( A ) left ventricular structure and ( B ) cardiac function

Moreover, in this model, NKT mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by predominantly modulating alterations in the TLR4/NF-B/MAPK and PI3K/Nrf2/AKT signaling pathways (Meeran et al., 2021a)

Furthermore, in the extensively investigated CKD primary etiology of DN, herbal extracts demonstrate profound and comprehensive research foundations due to their phytochemical diversity and exceptional metabolic modulatory capabilities