Cancer cells exhibit substantially enhanced glucose uptake and full utilization of the glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to generate a large amount of ATP (Warburg effect) (5 BRAF ), epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( KRAS ), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110 alpha ( PIK3CA ), are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes involved in the onset and development of cancer ( Therefore, this review summarizes the uptake, transport, and metabolic characteristics of glutamine, as well as the regulatory effects of some important oncogenes on glutamine addiction in cancer to emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting glutamine metabolism
doi:10.7326/M15-0729 13Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zern P, Soto MJ, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA
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