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Therefore, Pd II -05 could aid in the development of molecules that circumvent GSH/GSTp-related detoxification, which is one of the causes of androgen-independent proliferation in prostate cancer and drug resistance (Valentini et al., 2009)

Second, catechol-O-methyltransferase introduces the methyl of SAM to the catecholamine of EGCG, which leads to depletion of SAM available as a methyl donor, thereby causing an indirect reduction in DNMT-mediated DNA methylation (Hong et al., 2003)

GPR81 and GPR132 utilize distinct, nonredundant signaling cascades, with GPR81 coupling to G i , whereas GPR132 couples to G q pathways to drive downstream signaling cascades

The BBB, composed of tightly joined endothelial cells, astrocytic end-feet, and pericytes, serves as a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the brain parenchyma (Oldendorf, 1971), while macromolecules such as transferrin and insulin use endothelial receptor-mediated transport (Nance et al., 2022)