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Excessive microwave power or prolonged exposure can lead to the degradation of heat-sensitive or volatile phenolics, thus reducing the quality and quantity of the extracted compounds ( 3.1.3 Microwave-assisted ultrasound extraction method Microwave-assisted ultrasound extraction presents notable advantages for extracting polyphenols ( While microwave-assisted extraction required less extraction time, ultrasound-assisted extraction demonstrated greater energy efficiency and environmental sustainability ( By combining microwave and ultrasound energies, microwave-assisted ultrasound extraction disrupts plant cell walls more efficiently, allowing improved release of polyphenols with reduced solvent consumption and lower energy usage ( However, there are some limitations