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doi: 10.3390/vaccines13020165 101 Flores-RodriguezN.RogersS

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Under the stimulation of oxidative stress, keratinocytes are induced to produce CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16, which further recruits CXCR6 + CD8 + T cells and the infiltration of such T cells in the skin is followed by the loss of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions (Li et al., 2017)

These beneficial effects have been correlated to several mechanisms (Figure 2), including (i) stromal smooth muscle relaxation of the prostate and bladder due to modulation of the NO/cGMP pathway in the nitrinergic innervated organs or enhanced generation of relaxing hydrogen sulfide, (ii) significant cGMP-mediated dilatation of local blood vessels, (iii) enhanced LUT oxygen perfusion, (iv) inhibition of afferent nerve activity of bladder, (v) down-regulation of prostate inflammation and (vi) negative regulation of proliferation and trans-differentiation of the prostate stroma [54,56,57]