In DPPOS year 9, vitamin B 12 deficiency rates were 4.4%, 5.9%, and 4.9% for GG, AG and AA genotype groups in the placebo arm, vs 5.7%, 6.6%, and 18.7% in those respective genotype groups in the metformin arm (ESM Table 9)
The Mayo Clinic indicates high doses of vitamin B-12, such as those used to treat a deficiency, might cause: Headache Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Fatigue or weakness Tingling sensation in hands and feet Healthline says: In very rare cases, some people can experience side effects caused by allergic reactions or sensitivity In addition to helping athletes build muscle, vitamin B12 plays a role in maintaining nervous system function and brain health
View on PubMed Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model Demonstrated AOD9604 intra-articular injection reduced cartilage degradation and inflammatory markers in a collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis rabbit model, with the combination of AOD9604 and hyaluronic acid showing additive chondroprotective effects (Ann Clin Lab Sci, 2015)
How often are B12 injections given for maintenance