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Masclee AA

To address these limitations, future strategies should prioritize the inclusion of genetically diverse and geographically varied populations in genomic research, supported by harmonized phenotyping protocols and comprehensive clinical data

Indeed, phoP deletion mutants exhibit growth defects in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as well as attenuated virulence with reduced bacterial burden in the lungs, liver, and spleen of a mouse Mtb infection model ( phoP knockout mutant of H37Rv ( phoP into the H37Ra genome increased the bacterial persistence in murine BMDMs ( phoP mutant Mtb strain showed considerable attenuation in severe combined immunodeficient mice compared to the parental and BCG strains ( phoP deletion mutant strain conferred protective anti-TB immunity in mouse and guinea pig models, indicating its potential as a live vaccine candidate ( Figure 1 Stringent Response The stringent response is a conserved global signaling system that promotes bacterial survival in various environments, such as nutrient deprivation and other stresses ( Figure 1 )

We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves