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As a dietary supplement, one tablespoon (15ml) of L-carnicut can be taken up to 2 times daily, preferably on an empty stomach

Moreover, cytokines such as TNF- and IL-1, which are elevated in CIRS, can downregulate VEGF expression in some contexts, further impairing angiogenic repair mechanisms

Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- can bind to corresponding receptors and activate signaling pathways like NF-B and MAPK, which in turn induce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1 and IL-6, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response (Hirano, 2021

In addition, patients with PD had higher serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-1, and IL-6 when compared to controls (Zhang et al., 2023)