Generally, 8 to 10 sessions are recommended for visible skin whitening results
Then, measure the absorbance at 450 nm
AD: Alzheimer's disease AP-1: Activator protein-1 CCI: Chronic constriction injury CFA: Complete Freund's adjuvant CIPN: Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy DRG: Dorsal root ganglion Erk: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FMS: Fibromyalgia syndrome GH: Growth hormone GRK2: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 IASP: International Association for the Study of Pain IGF: Insulin-like growth factor IGFBP-1-6: Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1-6 IGF-1R: Insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 IL-18: Interlukin-18 IONI: Orofacial nerve injury IR: Insulin receptor IRR: Insulin receptor related receptor JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase LDH: Lumbar disc herniation MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MHWTs: Mechanical head withdrawal reflex thresholds MPS: Myofascial pain syndrome NF- B: NF-kappaB OA: Osteoarthritis PDN: Painful diabetic neuropathy PF: Peritoneal fluid PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase PIND: Painful neuropathy of diabetes PKC-: Protein kinase C- PKB/AKT: Protein kinase B PNI: Peripheral nerve injury PPP: Picropodophyllin PRF: Pulsed radiofrequency rIGF-1: Recombinant IGF-1 SCI: Spinal cord compression injury scRNA: Single cell RNA SGC: Satellite glial cell SNI: Spared nerve injury STZ: Streptozotocin TBI: Traumatic brain injury TG: Trigeminal ganglion TIND: Treatment-induced painful neuropathy of diabetes TRPV1: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 RVT: Resveratrol The authors have declared that no competing interest exists
Processes 9(4):588 Salehi B, Berkay Ylmaz Y, Antika G, Boyunegmez Tumer T, Fawzi Mahomoodally M, Lobine D, Akram M, Riaz M, Capanoglu E, Sharopov F, Martins N (2019) Insights on the use of -lipoic acid for therapeutic purposes
