Pierno S, Camerino GM, Cannone M, Liantonio A, De Bellis M, Digennaro C, Gramegna G, De Luca A, Germinario E, Danieli-Betto D, Betto R, Dobrowolny G, Rizzuto E, Musaro A, Desaphy JF, Camerino DC (2014) Paracrine effects of IGF-1 overexpression on the functional decline due to skeletal muscle disuse: molecular and functional evaluation in hindlimb unloaded MLC/mIgf-1 transgenic mice
Also, the beneficial effect of exercise on muscle mass is known to help in the management of insulin resistance, which is a prediabetes state, thus preventing type 2 diabetes by having the so-called browning effect of white adipose tissue and effect on cellular energetics through mitochondrial biogenesis (Weyh et al., 2020)
In this case, RBC testing can sometimes be more reliable, as it more closely reflects your body's tissue nutrient stores
These changes are associated with diminished soluble sugar degradation and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, contributing to delayed senescence