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Two conversion factors apply in 2026, which is new

The Smartest First Step: Know Your Levels Before you commit to either path, the most sensible thing you can do is find out what your B12 levels actually are

Routine monitoring discussions should occur if: You have been taking metformin for more than three years without recent B12 testing You are taking high-dose metformin (2g or more daily) You are aged 65 or older You follow a vegan or vegetarian diet You are taking acid-suppressing medications (such as omeprazole or ranitidine) You have other risk factors for B12 deficiency Patients should not commence B12 supplementation without medical advice, as inappropriate supplementation may mask underlying conditions such as pernicious anaemia or other causes of deficiency that require specific investigation and management

Research from her team found that a delayed injection site reaction occurred in less than 1% of participants (244 people) after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine and only 0.2% participants (68 people) after the second dose