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To measure mental health, researchers used a widely accepted screening tool called the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), which helps detect probable cases of depression and anxiety

And when she later left home to study, it became a regular vice

Our data showed that there wasnt a significant difference in mental health measures between the groups, suggesting reduced nicotine cigarettes might not have adverse psychological effects on this population. Jonathan Foulds, professor of public health sciences and of psychiatry and behavioral health, Penn State Cancer Institute The researchers observed no statistically significant differences in mental health measures between the two groups at the conclusion of the study

The company aspires to transition to a primarily smokeless business, targeting 50% of its revenue from non-combustible products by 2035