american tobacco district Campus | Durham File:American Tobacco Campus, Durham, NC

In addition, fluctuations in pricing due to taxation, inflation, or product restrictions may disproportionately affect lower income groups, influencing both frequency of use and transitions between device types [97]

However, what we know already is that older age groups are the ones more likely to develop severe COVID-19, and according to survey studies on e-cigarette use in China and the USA, vaping is not prevalent in those of 65 years and older, but popular in younger groups 1544 year age range 12,13

Peak areas of endogenous steroids were normalized by peak areas of spiked 13 C-labeled internal standards (SILs) in the same sample

However, the authors suggest that more research is needed to determine vapings effect on lung health