While it was immediately successful, smokers simply migrated outside, turning the sidewalk into the place to avoid if you're a non-smoker
The aim was for the gangs to reduce killings in exchange for better conditions in prisons.[84] The process, commonly referred to as the truce (la tregua), reportedly included cash payments to gang leaders and several transfers of gang leaders from maximum security prisons to less restrictive detention facilities.[85] Homicide rates declined significantly between 2010 and 2013: from 64 and 70 per 100,000 people, in 2010 and 2011, respectively, to 41 and 40 per 100,000, in 2012 and 2013.[86] But disappearances surged, and numerous studies showed that, throughout the process, gangs continued exerting control over large parts of the country and were involved in other crimes, including extortion and threats.[87] In May 2014, the truce broke down, leading to a surge in gang violence.[88] By 2015, El Salvador had the highest homicide rate in the hemisphere, with 106 murders per 100,000 people.[89] The truce also had the unintended consequence of increasing gangs awareness of their political power.[90] Repeatedly, they have unleashed waves of violence, seemingly to push the government into making concessions.[91] Implementation of repressive policies has often led to human rights violations, eroding public trust in state institutions, and undermining the rule of law
Vol 81, New York: John Wiley & Sons
Taxation Price Low/Middle Income Country Economics Statistics from Altmetric.com Background Increasing the price of cigarettes through taxation reduces prevalence, the level of consumption for those who continue smoking and smoking initiation.14 Previous research, however, also suggests that smokers may change their purchasing behaviour to minimise the effect of tax increases by switching to cheaper brands
