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There is little available information on financial and sales data, or insight into the strategic and marketing positioning of shisha tobacco manufacturers

Indeed, while nicotine in normal doses is not as dangerous as perceived, the Surgeon Generals report in 2014, The Health Consequences of Smoking50 Years of Progress, surmised that nicotine has acute toxicity at high doses and activates biological pathways that upsurge the risk of disease

The use of tobacco for medical purposes spread through Europe

51 The gender gap in e-cigarette awareness in wide in Greece, post 50 years of age, while the gap is distinct in early ages in countries like Kazakhstan and Qatar